Raw feeding is growing in popularity, but many dog owners worry about whether their pets are getting all the essential nutrients they need. Some avoid switching to raw diets entirely due to fears of deficiencies, while others rely on synthetic supplements to fill perceived gaps in their dog's diet.

Natural sources of vitamins and minerals provide a healthier alternative to synthetic supplements. But how can you identify the nutrient-rich foods and herbs that support balanced nutrition for your dog?

That's what today's article is all about. Whether you follow a meat-only or veggie-inclusive feeding style, I’ll show you how to create a balanced and nutrient-dense diet tailored to your dog’s needs. Let's start by looking at what to avoid.

Why Avoid Synthetic Supplements?

Synthetic vitamins and minerals may seem like a quick fix, but they don’t provide the same benefits as nutrients from whole foods. These isolated compounds lack the natural co-factors that enhance absorption and bioavailability, making it harder for your dog’s body to use them effectively.

Over time, synthetic supplements can even block the natural function of nutrients in the body. They “clog” receptor sites on cells, preventing natural vitamins from being absorbed and utilized, which may lead to diminished health benefits or recurring deficiencies despite supplementation.

Studies show that natural nutrients from whole foods are far superior to synthetic alternatives. For example, early research on scurvy treatment revealed that vitamin C from lemon juice was absorbed more effectively than isolated ascorbic acid. Similarly, whole food sources provide a complex of compounds that work together to deliver health benefits, while synthetic options often fail to replicate these synergistic effects.

By focusing on natural food sources for your dog, you’ll ensure she receives the complete spectrum of nutrients she needs to stay healthy and thrive.

Why Your Dogs Needs Vitamins And Minerals

Vitamins are essential compounds that support every aspect of your dog’s health, from cellular repair to immune system regulation. These nutrients are divided into two main categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are stored in the body’s fat tissues and liver. While their ability to accumulate ensures a reserve supply, it also means that excessive intake can lead to toxicity over time. These vitamins are critical for functions such as maintaining healthy vision, strengthening bones, and supporting antioxidant activity, but their balance must be carefully managed.

Water-soluble vitamins, including the B-complex group and vitamin C, differ in that they are not stored in the body. Instead, any excess is excreted in urine, which reduces the risk of toxicity but requires a daily intake to maintain adequate levels. These vitamins are pivotal for energy production, red blood cell formation, and tissue repair.

While deficiencies in water-soluble vitamins can manifest quickly due to their rapid depletion, incorporating them into a dog’s daily diet ensures consistent replenishment and health optimization.

Best Vitamins And Vitamin Sources For Dogs

Now that you know why vitamins and minerals for raw fed dogs are so important, how should you make sure your dog's getting enough?

Let's start with vitamins. Here are the most important ones for dogs, and where to get them.

Vitamin A

Vitamin A is one of the most vital nutrients for dogs, contributing to eye health, skin maintenance, and immune system strength. This fat-soluble vitamin helps protect against infections by supporting the production of white blood cells, which act as the body’s first line of defense. It also plays an essential role in maintaining the health of epithelial tissues found in the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal lining.

A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to symptoms such as poor vision, dry skin, and a weakened immune system, while excessive amounts can result in toxicity and bone abnormalities.

Rich natural sources of vitamin A include organ meats such as liver and fish like salmon and sardines. These foods provide vitamin A in a highly bioavailable form, ensuring optimal absorption.

For additional support, herbs such as parsley and rose hips are excellent options, offering a plant-based alternative with added benefits like antioxidants and phytonutrients.

When incorporating vitamin A into your dog’s diet, balance is key, especially if you’re already using commercial raw foods fortified with this nutrient.

Vitamin B Complex

The B-complex group includes multiple water-soluble vitamins, each playing a unique role in your dog’s overall well-being.

Thiamine (B1) aids in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production, while riboflavin (B2) supports red blood cell formation and skin health.

Niacin (B3) is essential for proper circulation and a healthy nervous system, and pyridoxine (B6) aids in protein metabolism and hormone regulation.

Collectively, these vitamins enhance brain function, promote healthy skin and coat, and ensure efficient digestion and nutrient utilization.

B vitamins are especially abundant in organ meats like liver, kidney, and heart, making these foods indispensable in a raw diet. Additionally, herbs such as alfalfa, nettle, and burdock root are excellent plant-based sources of these critical nutrients.

Including a variety of B vitamin-rich foods ensures your dog receives the full spectrum of benefits, helping prevent issues such as anemia, digestive problems, and neurological disorders.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals, protecting your dog’s cells from oxidative damage. This water-soluble vitamin is also instrumental in collagen synthesis, which supports the health of skin, joints, and connective tissues.

Beyond its structural benefits, vitamin C strengthens the immune system by enhancing white blood cell activity and supporting the production of antibodies. While dogs can synthesize their own vitamin C, stress, illness, or high physical activity may deplete their stores, making dietary sources a valuable addition.

Natural sources of vitamin C include organ meats like liver and kidney, which provide this nutrient alongside other essential compounds. Herbs such as rose hips, dandelion, and parsley also offer a concentrated dose of vitamin C, along with additional antioxidants that boost its effectiveness.

Best Minerals For Dogs

With vitamins out of the way, it's time to look at the most important minerals for dog.

Here's what they are, why the matter, and the best sources for them.

Calcium

Calcium is one of the most critical minerals for dogs, especially during growth stages when bones and muscles are developing. This mineral supports skeletal health, regulates muscle contractions, and contributes to nerve transmission and blood clotting.

A deficiency in calcium can lead to brittle bones and an increased risk of fractures, while an excess may interfere with the absorption of other nutrients like zinc and magnesium.

Natural sources of calcium include raw meaty bones, sardines, and eggshell powder. Herbs such as dandelion and nettle also provide bioavailable calcium, making them excellent additions to a raw diet.

To maintain a healthy calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, ensure that calcium-rich foods are balanced with phosphorus-containing items like meats and fish.

Magnesium And Iron

Magnesium and iron are essential for metabolic and cellular functions. Magnesium supports enzyme activity, muscle function, and energy production, while iron plays a key role in oxygen transport and red blood cell formation.

A deficiency in magnesium can lead to muscle weakness and cardiovascular issues, while low iron levels may cause anemia and fatigue.

Magnesium and iron are readily available in meats like beef, lamb, and poultry. Herbs such as burdock root, parsley, and dandelion complement these sources by offering plant-based nutrients that are easy for the body to absorb. Including a variety of these foods ensures your dog maintains optimal energy levels and overall health.

Zinc

Zinc is a trace mineral that supports immune function, wound healing, and skin and coat health. It also regulates oil glands, contributing to a shiny coat and preventing dryness or irritation.

Dogs with insufficient zinc intake may develop skin conditions, slow wound healing, and compromised immunity.

Rich sources of zinc include rabbit, chicken, and salmon, as well as herbs like alfalfa, chickweed, and burdock root. These foods provide zinc in a bioavailable form, making it easier for your dog to absorb and utilize.

Regular inclusion of zinc-rich foods in your dog’s diet helps maintain their skin health, immune strength, and overall vitality.

Should You Feed Dogs Vegetables?

There's a lot of excitement around "carnivore" diets these days, for both dogs and humans.

However, an ideal diet for dogs likely still requires vegetables.

Here's why:

Phytonutrient Benefits

Phytonutrients, naturally occurring compounds found exclusively in plants, provide significant health benefits beyond basic nutrition. These compounds include carotenoids, flavonoids, and fiber, each playing a unique role in disease prevention and overall wellness.

• Carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, act as antioxidants, neutralizing free radicals that can damage cells and contribute to chronic diseases.
• Flavonoids, known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, support heart health and immune function by regulating cellular signaling and reducing oxidative stress.
• Fiber, another vital phytonutrient, serves dual purposes in digestive health. Insoluble fiber promotes healthy bowel movements, while soluble fiber acts as a prebiotic, nourishing beneficial gut bacteria.

These phytonutrients work together to protect against conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. By incorporating phytonutrient-rich vegetables into your dog’s diet, you can enhance their overall resilience and vitality.

Best Vegetables For Dogs

When adding vegetables to your dog’s raw diet, focusing on nutrient-dense options ensures optimal health benefits.

For vitamin A, carrots, squash, and kale are excellent choices. Carrots and squash are rich in beta-carotene, which supports vision and immune health, while kale provides additional antioxidants and calcium. These vegetables are particularly beneficial for skin health and maintaining robust immunity.

For vitamin C, broccoli, spinach, and berries are standout options. Broccoli and spinach are loaded with antioxidants and support tissue repair, while berries add a natural sweetness alongside their anti-inflammatory benefits. To boost fiber intake, vegetables like Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and dandelion greens are ideal.

These options promote digestive health and maintain a balanced gut microbiome. To optimize digestion, vegetables should be steamed or pureed, breaking down tough cellulose walls and making nutrients more bioavailable to your dog.

Practical Feeding Tips For Raw Fed Dogs

A well-rounded raw diet thrives on balance and variety. Rotating protein sources such as beef, chicken, and fish ensures that your dog receives a diverse array of amino acids and micronutrients. Incorporating organ meats like liver and kidney provides additional vitamins and minerals, while herbs such as nettle and parsley offer plant-based support. Vegetables act as an essential complement, adding phytonutrients and fiber to the mix.

Opt for organic produce whenever possible to minimize pesticide exposure and enhance nutrient quality. Feeding a broad spectrum of ingredients prevents nutritional gaps and keeps your dog engaged with their meals. This approach also supports long-term health by reducing the risk of overloading on any single nutrient while maximizing the benefits of various food sources.

When introducing new foods to your dog’s diet, gradual transitions are key to avoiding digestive upset. Start with small portions of a new vegetable or protein source and observe your dog’s tolerance over several days. If no adverse reactions occur, gradually increase the quantity while maintaining variety in their diet.

For dogs with sensitive stomachs or specific health concerns, consult a holistic veterinarian before making significant dietary changes. Their expertise ensures that the new ingredients align with your dog’s unique nutritional needs and overall health goals.

The Importance Of A Tailored Approach

Every dog is unique, and their nutritional requirements can vary based on factors such as age, activity level, and health status. Puppies, for example, require higher amounts of calcium and protein to support their rapid growth, while senior dogs benefit from diets that prioritize joint health and easily digestible ingredients. Dogs with allergies or chronic conditions may need specialized diets that exclude certain proteins or include targeted nutrients to support healing and resilience.

By carefully evaluating your dog’s needs, you can craft a raw diet that meets their specific requirements. This tailored approach ensures that your dog not only thrives but also avoids common pitfalls like nutrient deficiencies or excesses.

A balanced diet often incorporates the best of both worlds—meat-based and plant-based sources of nutrition. For example, combining organ meats like liver with antioxidant-rich vegetables such as kale creates a nutrient-dense meal that supports immune health and overall vitality. Herbs like dandelion and parsley can be added for additional detoxification benefits, enhancing the overall efficacy of the diet.

Encourage experimentation by observing your dog’s response to various food combinations. Pay attention to changes in their energy levels, coat quality, and digestion, as these are indicators of dietary success.

FAQ

What supplements should I add to my dog's raw food diet? Adding a fish oil supplement can provide essential fatty acids, while cod liver oil is an excellent source of vitamin D and vitamin A for healthy bones. To ensure nutritional balance, consider a daily raw powder with key nutrients like zinc amino acid chelate and vitamin E.

What nutrients do dogs need in a raw diet? Dogs require a balance of vitamin D, calcium, and essential fatty acids for overall health, along with vitamin K and folic acid to support healthy liver function. These nutrients can come naturally from a homemade raw diet or from carefully chosen supplements like apple cider vinegar or fish oil.

Do I need to add anything to my dog's raw diet? To optimize a raw food diet, you may need to add calcium supplements for bone health and a vitamin E supplement for antioxidant support. Including natural additions like apple cider vinegar can also enhance digestion and help your dog produce hydrochloric acid for better nutrient absorption.

What treats are good for dogs on a raw diet? Treats like freeze-dried organ meats or raw bones are excellent for dogs on a raw food diet, offering additional nutrients like vitamin D and fatty acids. You can also incorporate raw meals as treats, which provide variety while maintaining your pet’s nutritional balance.