Degenerative myelopathy is a heartbreaking neurological disease that progressively robs dogs of their mobility and independence. Starting with weakness in the hind legs, it eventually leads to full paralysis, leaving dog owners desperate for ways to improve their pet’s quality of life.

Unlike many other conditions, degenerative myelopathy isn’t typically painful ... but its impact on mobility and bodily functions makes it a challenging journey for both dogs and their families.

While conventional veterinary medicine offers little hope for a cure, holistic therapies provide promising avenues to slow progression and improve your dog’s day-to-day comfort.

In the sections below, I'll share how with supportive care, lifestyle adjustments, and natural remedies, you can give your affected dog her best chance at a fulfilling life.

What Is Degenerative Myelopathy In Dogs?

Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive spinal cord disorder primarily seen in older dogs. The disease targets the myelin sheath—a protective layer around the spinal cord’s nerve fibers—which becomes damaged due to an autoimmune attack. As the myelin breaks down, nerve signals fail to transmit properly, leading to gradual loss of motor control.

Though often compared to Multiple Sclerosis in humans, recent studies suggest degenerative myelopathy shares more similarities with ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s Disease. Like ALS, it's progressive and untreatable by conventional means ... but it typically doesn’t cause pain, which makes its impact more focused on physical functionality than discomfort.

Degenerative myelopathy begins in the mid-back area of the spinal cord, causing hind leg weakness and reduced coordination. Inflammation and nerve damage gradually lead to paralysis in the rear limbs, eventually affecting the front legs as well. Dogs lose the ability to stand, walk, and even control their bowels or bladder.

While the disease itself isn’t painful, the biomechanical adjustments a dog makes to compensate—like overusing their front limbs—can lead to muscle soreness and discomfort. This underscores the importance of therapeutic interventions to support the body’s adjustments and slow the disease’s progression.

Symptoms Of Degenerative Myelopathy

Early Clinical Signs

The initial symptoms of degenerative myelopathy can be subtle, often mistaken for arthritis or other orthopedic issues. You may notice your dog dragging one or both rear paws during walks, leading to worn nails on the affected foot. A slight wobbliness in their gait or difficulty getting up from a lying position may also become apparent.

As the condition progresses, the weakness becomes more pronounced, with visible muscle atrophy in the hind legs. The dog may sway when standing or struggle to maintain balance, particularly on slippery surfaces. These early signs are critical to recognize, as they can help get degenerative myelopathy diagnosed. Early intervention can help slow the disease’s advancement.

Advanced Symptoms

In later stages, the disease significantly impacts mobility and independence. Dogs may become unable to stand, walk, or climb stairs, eventually losing control of their bladder and bowels. Incontinence often develops as the nerves controlling these functions deteriorate.

Once the front legs start to weaken, many dogs require carts or other mobility aids to maintain some level of activity. While the disease isn’t painful, the strain of compensating for weakened hind legs often leads to discomfort in the shoulders, neck, and other overused muscles. These advanced symptoms are emotionally taxing for pet owners, but they also mark a time when holistic therapies and supportive tools can make a meaningful difference in your dog’s quality of life.

Breeds Prone To Degenerative Myelopathy

Certain dog breeds are genetically predisposed to degenerative myelopathy, with German Shepherds being the most commonly affected. Other high-risk breeds include Boxers, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, Rhodesian Ridgebacks, and Siberian Huskies, as well as smaller breeds like Miniature and Standard Poodles.

Genetic factors, particularly genetic mutation in the SOD1 gene, play a significant role in the development of this condition and can be a major risk factor. While not all dogs with these mutations will develop degenerative myelopathy, the genetic link underscores the importance of breed-specific vigilance for early signs of the disease.

Diagnosing Degenerative Myelopathy

Diagnosing degenerative myelopathy is a process of elimination, as there are no definitive standalone tests for the disease. Veterinarians typically begin with bloodwork, including thyroid panels, and spinal X-rays to rule out other conditions like intervertebral disc disease or spinal tumors. Advanced imaging techniques like MRIs, CT scans, or spinal taps may be employed to identify nerve damage or other abnormalities.

Because degenerative myelopathy shares symptoms with many other neurological and orthopedic issues, a thorough diagnostic workup is critical. This helps ensure the proper management plan is established, as treatments differ significantly between degenerative myelopathy and other conditions with similar presentations.

SOD1 gene testing is often used to identify dogs at risk for degenerative myelopathy, but its accuracy is debated. Dogs with no copies of the mutant gene can still develop the disease, while others with two abnormal copies may remain unaffected.

Experts like Dr. RM Clemmons suggest that the SOD1 gene test is not a reliable predictor of disease onset or progression. Rather than relying solely on genetic tests, dog owners should seek out veterinarians who focus on comprehensive evaluations to pinpoint the true cause of symptoms.

Holistic Approaches To Managing Degenerative Myelopathy In Dogs

Conventional medicine has limited treatment options for degenerative myelopathy.

However, there are a few natural solutions you can use to help manage the condition holistically:

Exercise And Physical Therapy

Regular exercise is essential for dogs with degenerative myelopathy to maintain muscle tone, balance, and mobility. Hydrotherapy, such as swimming or underwater treadmill sessions, provides low-impact conditioning that strengthens the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Structured walks and targeted exercises can also improve joint flexibility and circulation, helping to prolong mobility and delay progression.

Research supports the effectiveness of physiotherapy in extending the quality of life for affected dogs. A Swiss study demonstrated that dogs receiving intensive physiotherapy had significantly longer survival times than those with moderate or no therapy, underscoring the critical role of consistent physical activity.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is another effective therapy for dogs with degenerative myelopathy, as it helps stimulate the nervous system and promote relaxation. Electroacupuncture, which uses small electrical currents to enhance the impact of traditional acupuncture, is particularly beneficial for paralyzed or partially paralyzed dogs.

Regular acupuncture sessions can support nerve function, support a healthy inflammatory response, and provide relief from muscle strain caused by compensatory movements. Many pet owners report improved mobility and overall comfort in their dogs after incorporating acupuncture into their treatment plan.

Nutritional Support

Diet plays a pivotal role in managing degenerative myelopathy. A raw, whole-food diet rich in high-quality proteins can reduce inflammation and support the immune system, both of which are vital for slowing the disease’s progression. Avoiding processed foods and fillers like kibble is equally important, as these can exacerbate degenerative symptoms.

Incorporating Omega-3 fatty acids, found in oily fish or phytoplankton, provides anti-inflammatory benefits and supports neurological health. Additionally, antioxidant-rich foods like blueberries, spinach, and turmeric can neutralize free radicals, protecting nerve cells from further damage. These dietary adjustments form the foundation of a holistic approach to managing the disease effectively.

Best Supplements For Degenerative Myelopathy In Dogs

Adding key nutrients to your dog’s diet can help support a normal inflammatory response and support the immune system. Supplements like vitamins C, E, and A, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and taurine are known for their antioxidant properties, which combat free radicals and protect nerve cells.

Where possible, prioritize natural food sources of these nutrients, as they're better absorbed by the body than synthetic supplements. For instance, blueberries are a rich source of vitamin C, while eggs and liver provide natural vitamin A and taurine.

Some herbs and natural compounds can further support dogs with degenerative myelopathy. Turmeric, with its active ingredient curcumin, is a powerful herb that helps reduce swelling and pain. MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) found in foods like garlic, Brussels sprouts, and kale provides additional benefits.

Phytoplankton is another excellent addition to your dog’s regimen. This marine plant is packed with Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and essential minerals, offering comprehensive immune support in a highly bioavailable form.

Other Tools To Improve Mobility And Quality Of Life

As degenerative myelopathy progresses, assistive devices like wheeled carts can be invaluable for maintaining your dog’s mobility. These carts provide support for the hind limbs, allowing dogs to walk, run, and explore without strain.

Custom-fitted carts ensure proper posture and comfort, helping your dog stay active and engaged with their surroundings. Mobility aids not only improve physical health but also boost a dog’s emotional well-being by allowing them to enjoy their favorite activities.

Simple adjustments in your home can greatly enhance your dog’s quality of life. Supportive bedding, such as orthopedic dog beds, helps prevent pressure sores and provides relief for aching joints. Harnesses with handles or slings can assist in lifting your dog or providing stability during walks.

Adding non-slip mats to flooring can prevent falls, while ramps make it easier for your dog to access furniture or navigate stairs. These measures ensure your dog’s comfort and safety while preserving her dignity and independence.

Emotional Support For Dog Owners

Watching a beloved pet lose mobility and independence can be heartbreaking. It’s natural to feel overwhelmed, but focusing on the positive steps you’re taking to improve your dog’s quality of life can help. Celebrate small victories, like a successful walk or a wagging tail, as these moments demonstrate your dog’s resilience and happiness.

Connecting with other pet owners facing similar challenges through support groups or online forums can provide emotional relief and practical advice. Remember that your dog values the love and care you’re providing above all else, and your efforts make a meaningful difference in her daily life.

FAQ

What is the life expectancy of a dog with degenerative myelopathy? Dogs with canine degenerative myelopathy typically live 6 months to 3 years after diagnosis, depending on how the disease progresses and the care they receive. Regular physiotherapy and a holistic approach can extend their mobility and improve their quality of life.

What are the 5 stages of degenerative myelopathy in dogs? The five stages of chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy include early symptoms like paw dragging and wobbliness, progressing to hind limb weakness, urinary and fecal incontinence, front limb involvement, and eventual paralysis. As this progressive disease advances, mobility declines significantly, requiring careful management.

Are dogs with degenerative myelopathy in pain? Dogs developing DM experience biomechanical discomfort from compensating for weakness, but chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy itself is not painful. This spinal cord disease, which shares similarities with human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primarily impacts mobility rather than causing direct pain.